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European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research - COST Action C11 |
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Working Group 2 - Spatial planning and greenspace National
data on planning systems Spatial
planning in France Bernard
Duhem Native
name TYPE
OF LEGISLATION FRANCE Loi
sur la protection des monuments
historiques et sur la protection des sites
(classés ou inscrits) Secteurs
sauvegardés, Espaces
sensibles, Espaces
naturels sensibles et taxe des
ENS Laws
on protection of historic
buildings, natural
beauties historical
centers Sensitive
spaces Natural
sensitive areas o Law
of 31/121913 for monuments, o
enlarged to natural beauties (2/05/1930) ,
listing the things and places to
conserve, o
historical centers (safeguard sectors,
4/08/1962, with rules much more precise
than the local plan, giving urban quality
goals and refraining demolition in
histical centers (90 cities have one in
1999) Protected
sensitive ecological spaces (1959/1985 and
22/04/87) : regions can buy sensitive land
to open to public with a tax they can ask
from the builders (2/3 of regions do it
and buy spaces along rivers
mostly). Parcs
nationaux National
Parks Law
issued 22/07/1960. For
rare and rich ecological territories,
heavy work out (on control of State) and
strong protection. 7 do
exist (0,66 % of national soil), 3 others
are in project. Quality is fitting with
thespecifications of the international
union for Conservation of
Nature. Visits
are incresing each year. Parcs
naturels régionaux Regional
nature parks Law of
5/07/72 (revised 8/01/93) covering 10 % of
national soil, the first ones where
situatued very close to big towns to offer
leasure-grounds, they permit protection of
agricultural sensitive land and
traditional agricultural good manners and
respect of the environment and of
landscapes, Loi
d'orientation foncière Plan
d'occupation des sols Town
planning Law : Local
plan or Master plan (municipal) Law
for town-planning issued in 1967 and since
was completed with the disposals from the
others legislations. (in the sixties the
goal was to decompress dense cities, and
the law was taken to make easy
urbanisation in the rural suburban parts
of towns). By now the local plan has to
take care of landscape,… The
local plan is not compulsory, small
municipalities can have a simplified form
of it or even just obey to the national
urban policy requirements. The local plan
gives plot ratio for areas and
specifications, existing greenspaces to be
protected are listed (forests, natural
areas, farmland. The average of protected
soil in the whole municipalities having a
local plan is 32 %). More
detailed plans are possible, Proceeding
for special layout are possible, by
contract with a devloper (concerted layout
zone) Schéma
directeur d'aménagement et
d'urbanisme, schéma de
secteur, Town
planning Law : Structure
plan Not
compulsory, Adopted
by big towns during the 70s but rarely
carried out by now, Schéma
de service, Regional
planning Issuing
from the law on cooperation (1999),
regional services schemes have to be
studied ( contracts are to be prepared at
different levels, for projects developing
sustainability which are
funded) Loi
sur la protection de la nature, Loi
sur l'eau, Loi
sur l'air, Réserves
naturelles Law of
protection of Nature, Water
resources (and wetland areas), Nature
Reserves 10/07/1976,
making compulsory study of effects on
Environment for big project, and
mitigation and compensation, Law on
water (3/01/1992), on clean
air, Law
issued in 1957, more than 150 but small in
size, respecting prescriptions of the
network Unesco is coordonating for Nature
Reserves, Natura
2000 Law in
project (sites have to be designated for
2004) 5 % of
national soil is listed in Natural 2000
sites (15 % were proposed by associations
for Nature conservation) Loi
Paysage Law of
protection of landscapes 8/01/1993
revised in 1995, permitting protection of
usual (frequent and historic) landscapes.
Respect to landscape is to promote in
planning activities. Several disposal
issued : Areas for protection of
architectural, urban and landscape
patrimony, landscape
plans and contracts for landscape
actions. Loi
Montagne Mountain
Law (9/01/1985)
is to save the space of agricultural and
pastoral activity, to control urbanisation
and to protect environmental balance while
developping touristics units, Quite
significative results. Loi
littoral et des rivages
lacustres Coastal
areas Law And
Lakes (3/01/1986)
is to protect ecological richness and to
bridle urbanisation (main restriction in a
strip of 100 m width), to allow public
access to sea-shore and lake-shore. In
accordance with this law, particular
documents with special rules are to be
prepared in some areas such as Marseille :
a local guidance is to be written by the
municipalities and the State's
representative, and will be applied in the
future. The
Coastal law is applied locally with
difficulties, as pressure for urbanisation
related with touristic activity is
important. Conservatoire
du littoral Board
for Coastal Areas Created
in 1975 to protect coastal areas, is
buying natural land close to the coasts
and keep it un-built, open to public
visiting as much as possible (no car
trafic, no camping) . Own 45 000 ha in
1999. Loi
sur l'intercommunalité Municipal
cooperation The
Law issued on12/07/1999, is to share more
power and responsability for land
managing, between several close
municipalities, Loi
Solidarité et renouvellement
urbain Urban
renewal Law on
Solidarity and Urban Renewal (13/12/2000 +
guidance 18/01/2001) is to update most of
the urban planning existing tools. It will
permit to have local plans more accurate.
Is too new by now to know
result. Special
tool for Management of patrimonial
provision Using
Urban planning STANDARDS no Using
guidances and contracts yes REGULAR
REVISIONS OF LAWS Special
programmes to defend greenstructures in
compact city ? |
Meetings Background Meetings Background |
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